Examples from the literature ============================ This page hosts some works from the scientific literature using ``edxia``. From the authors ---------------- The main application of ``edxia`` by the authors concern the study of the microstructure of cementitious materials, including during exposition to durability issues (chloride ingress, carbonation). .. _1: Description of edxia ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [1] F. Georget, W. Wilson, K.L. Scrivener, edxia: Microstructure characterisation from quantified SEM-EDS hypermaps, Cement and Concrete Research 141 (2021) 106327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106327. This is the first article presenting the instrument, most of the examples in the documentation are using the `publicly available data `_ from the article. Application to carbonation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [2] F. Georget, W. Soja, K.L. Scrivener, Characteristic lengths of the carbonation front in naturally carbonated cement pastes: Implications for reactive transport models, Cement and Concrete Research 134 (2020) 106080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106080. Application to chloride ingress ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In this article, ``edxia`` is used to analyse the distribution of sulfate and alkalis accross the carbonation front. In particular, the increased precipitation of ettringite predicted with a reactive transport model (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10596-016-9596-x) was validated. The results are used to calculate the characteristic length of the carbonation front and to propose that reactive transport models should use a distribution of diffusion coefficients rather than a kinetic constant to represent a smooth carbonation front. [3] F. Georget, C. Bénier, W. Wilson, K.L. Scrivener, Chloride sorption by C-S-H quantified by SEM-EDX image analysis, Cement and Concrete Research 152 (2022) 106656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106656. [4] F. Georget, W. Wilson, K.L. Scrivener, Simple automation of SEM-EDS spectral maps analysis with Python and the edxia framework, Journal of Microscopy 286 (2022) 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13099. In these studies, C3S pastes were exposed to chloride and ``edxia`` was used to measure the Chloride sorption on C-S-H [3]. An automatic algorithm was used to segment the inner C-S-H population [3,4], to obtain a representative chloride speciation. The results were compared to water-soluble test, and XRD and TGA to detect two different population of bound chloride on C-S-H. .. figure:: images/cl_sorption.jpg Segmentation of inner C-S-H and determination on sorbed chloride in C3S paste [3] using the algorithm described in [4]. | [5] W. Wilson, J.N. Gonthier, F. Georget, K.L. Scrivener, Insights on chemical and physical chloride binding in blended cement pastes, Cement and Concrete Research 156 (2022) 106747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106747. SEM-EDS and ``edxia`` is used to determine the speciation of chloride in blended cement pastes in combination with other techniques such as XRD, TGA and thermodynamic modelling. The main binding mechanisms in each systems is detailled. .. figure:: images/cl_slag_speciation.jpg The chloride speciation in a CEM III/A cement paste as identified by ``edxia`` ([5]). Application to the study of SCMs ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [6] T.R. Muzenda, F. Georget, T. Matschei, The effect of the physico-chemical properties of (calcined) clays on the rheological properties and early hydration of calcined clay-limestone cement, Construction and Building Materials 492 (2025) 142864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142864. The distribution of iron in calcined clays was studied to better understand its impact on the early-age performance of calcined-clay limestone binders. [7] F. Georget, V. Caprai, A. Belli, A. Keulen, T. Matschei, Investigation of a supplementary cementitious material with three reactive components: the example of a carbonated mineral composite, Cement and Concrete Composites (2025) 106179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106179. New supplementary cementitious materials can have a complex mineralogy. ``edxia`` was used to better characterize the phases (solid solutions and amorphous phases) of the SCM, and to analyse the microstructure of the cement paste. The results from ``edxia`` were necessary to cross-check other experimental results and validate their interpretation. In particular, ``edxia`` was necessary to observe Fe-Si-hydrogarnet, a phase that was not detected by XRD but is known to exist in cement systems (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.12.012). .. figure:: images/mcc_microstructure.jpg The segmented microstructure of a cement paste containing a carbonated SCM, and the observation of Fe-Si-hydrogarnet ([6]). From other research groups -------------------------- The following are know examples of use of edxia. If you wish to see your work feature here, contact us ! 1. H. Nguyen, V. Carvelli, W. Kunther, M. Illikainen, P. Kinnunen, Phase evolution and mechanical performance of an ettringite-based binder during hydrothermal aging, Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106403. 2. S. Srivastava, M. Cerutti, H. Nguyen, V. Carvelli, P. Kinnunen, M. Illikainen, Carbonated steel slags as supplementary cementitious materials: Reaction kinetics and phase evolution, Cement and Concrete Composites (2023) 105213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105213. 3. N. K. Bui, R. Kurihara, W. Wang, M. Kanematsu, H. Hyodo, M. Takano, H. Hirao, T. Noguchi, I. Maruyama, Wet-carbonation-based Mineral Extraction and CO2 Sequestration Using Concrete Waste Fines at a Low Temperature, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 21 (2023) 166–188. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.21.166. 4. P. Hemstad, P. Kjellemyr, K.D. Weerdt, Determining the Influence of Curing Temperature and SCMs on C-A-S-H Composition Using SEM-EDS Hypermaps, Nordic Concrete Research 70 (2024) 125–146. https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2024-0006. 5. Q. Zhou, A. Meawad, W. Wang, T. Noguchi, Stabilization of metastable calcium carbonate polymorphs on the surface of recycled cement paste particles: A two-step carbonation approach without chemical additives, Cement and Concrete Composites 155 (2025) 105829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105829. 6. M. Krameche, W. Wilson, A. Tagnit-Hamou, Coupling EDS hypermaps and X-ray microtomography for advanced 3D microstructure characterization of cement paste: A step forward in multiscale modeling, Cement and Concrete Research 199 (2026) 108047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.108047.